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In computing, phoning home is a term often used to refer to the behavior of security systems that report network location, username, or other such data to another computer.
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Phoning home may be useful for the proprietor in tracking a missing or stolen computer. This type of phoning home is frequently used on mobile computers at corporations. It typically involves a software agent which is difficult to detect or remove.[1] However, there are malicious types of phoning homes such as surreptitious communication between applications or hardware installed at end-user sites and their manufacturers or developers. The traffic may be encrypted to make it difficult or impractical for the end-user to determine what data are being transmitted.[2]
The Stuxnet attack on Iran's nuclear facilities was facilitated by phone home technology as reported by The New York Times.[3]
Legal phoning home[edit]
There are some uses for the phoning home practice that are legal in some countries. For example, phoning home could be for purposes of access restriction, such as transmitting an authorization key. This is done with the Adobe Creative Suite. Each time one of the programs is opened, it phones home with the serial number. If the serial number is listed as being already in use, or a fake, then the program will present the user with the option of inputting the correct serial number. If the user refuses, the next time the program loads, it will operate in trial mode until a valid serial number has been input. However, the method can be thwarted by either disabling the internet connection when starting the program or adding a firewall or Hosts file rule to prevent the program from communicating with the verification server.[citation needed]
Phoning home could also be for marketing purposes, such as the 'Sony BMG Rootkit', which transmits a hash of the currently playing CD back to Sony, or a digital video recorder (DVR) reporting on viewing habits. High-end computing systems such as mainframes have had 'phone home' capabilities for many years, to alert the manufacturer of hardware problems with the mainframes or disk storage subsystems (this enables repair or maintenance to be performed quickly and even proactively under the maintenance contract).[4] Similarly, high-volume copy machines have long been equipped with phone-home capabilities, both for billing and for preventive/predictive maintenance purposes.[5]
In research computing, phoning home is used to track the daily usage of open source academic software. This phoning is used to develop logs for the purposes of justification in grant proposals to support the ongoing funding of such projects.
Aside from malicious software phoning home, phoning home may be done to track computer assets—especially mobile computers. One of the most well-known software applications that leverage phoning home for tracking is Absolute Software's CompuTrace. This software employs an agent which calls into an Absolute-managed server on regular intervals with information companies or the police can use to locate a missing computer.[6]
More phone-home uses[edit]
Other than phoning the home (website) of the applications' authors, applications can allow their documents to do the same thing, thus allowing the documents' authors to trigger (essentially anonymous) tracking by setting up a connection that is intended to be logged. Such behavior, for example, caused v7.0.5 of Adobe Reader to add an interactive notification whenever a PDF file tries phoning (to its author's) home.[7]
HTML e-mail messages can easily implement a form of 'phoning home'. Images and other files required by the e-mail body may generate extra requests to a remote web server before they can be viewed. The IP address of the user's own computer is sent to the webserver (an unavoidable process if a reply is required), and further details embedded in request URLs can further identify the user by e-mail address, marketing campaign, etc. Such extra page resources have been referred to as 'web bugs' and they can also be used to track off-line viewing and other uses of ordinary web pages. So as to prevent the activation of these requests, many e-mail clients do not load images or other web resources when HTML e-mails are first viewed, giving users the option to load the images only if the e-mail is from a trusted source.
Malicious phoning home[edit]
There are many malware applications that 'phone home' can use to gather and store information about a person's machine. For example, the Pushdo Trojan[8] shows the new complexity of modern malware applications and the phoning home capabilities of these systems. Pushdo has 421 executables available to be sent to an infected Windows client.
Surveillance cameras Foscam have been reported by security researcher Brian Krebs to secretly phone home to the manufacturer.[9]
See also[edit]
- Digital Rights Management (DRM)
References[edit]
![Adobe acrobat writer 7.0 serial key Adobe acrobat writer 7.0 serial key](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/66/f3/fe/66f3fea4f5064c15ce18d5a4dec9ec52.jpg)
- ^Technology Meetings Website - http://technologymeetings.com/ar/meetings_catch_laptop_thief/index.htm
- ^ZoneAlarm phones home, Apple throws Intel a bone 'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2006-02-06. Retrieved 2006-03-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^DAVID E. SANGER; THOM SHANKER (Jan 14, 2014). 'N.S.A. Devises Radio Pathway Into Computers'. The New York Times. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^IBM EServer and ZSeries and S/390 Servers - https://books.google.com/books?id=NtHhpIjIFMEC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=%22phone+home%22+mainframes&source=bl&ots=iXj04sMVQ6&sig=L3_rOl6Xsik0Bi4DTigwnNb2DwI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA9,M1
- ^Xerox Model 1090 Copier/Duplicator User Guide. Xerox Corporation, Stamford, Connecticut and North York, Ontario, Canada, August 1990.
- ^Absolute Software's website: http://www.absolute.com/
- ^'New features and issues addressed in the Acrobat 7.0.5 Update (Acrobat and Adobe Reader for Windows and Mac OS)'. Adobe Systems. 2008-05-02. Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
New features: 4. 'Phone home' notification enhancements, meaning that when a PDF document attempts to contact an external server for any reason, the end-user will be notified via a dialogue box that the author of the file is auditing usage of the file, and be offered the option of continuing.
- ^Pushdo Trojan - http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Inside-a-Modern-Malware-Distribution-System/
- ^Krebs, Brian (16 February 2016). 'This is Why People Fear the 'Internet of Things''. KrebsonSecurity. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoning_home&oldid=999520399'
A note to Tucows Downloads visitors:
All good things…
Hack fb messenger mac. We have made the difficult decision to retire the Tucows Downloads site. We’re pleased to say that much of the software and other assets that made up the Tucows Downloads library have been transferred to our friends at the Internet Archive for posterity.
The shareware downloads bulletin board system (BBS) that would become Tucows Downloads was founded back in 1993 on a library computer in Flint, MI. What started as a place for people in the know to download software became the place to download software on the burgeoning Internet. Far more quickly than anyone could have imagined.
A lot has changed since those early years. Tucows has grown and evolved as a business. It’s been a long time since Tucows has been TUCOWS, which stood for The Ultimate Collection of Winsock Software.
Today, Tucows is the second-largest domain name registrar in the world behind Go Daddy and the largest wholesaler of domain names in the world with customers like Shopify and other global website builder platforms. Hover offers domain names and email at retail to help people brand their life online. OpenSRS (and along the way our acquisitions of Enom, Ascio and EPAG) are the SaaS platforms upon which tens of thousands of customers have built their own domain registration businesses, registering tens of millions of domains on behalf of their customers. Ting Internet is building fiber-optic networks all over the U.S. At the same time, we’re building the Mobile Services Enabler SaaS platform that is powering DISH’s entry into the US mobile market.
Point is, we’re keeping busy.
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For the past several years, history, well sentimentality, has been the only reason to keep Tucows Downloads around. We talked about shutting the site down before. Most seriously in 2016 when instead, we decided to go ad-free, keeping the site up as a public service.
Today is different. Tucows Downloads is old. Old sites are a maintenance challenge and therefore a risk. Maintaining the Tucows Downloads site pulls people away from the work that moves our businesses forward.
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Tucows Downloads has had an incredible run. Retiring it is the right move but that doesn’t alter the fact that it will always hold a special place in hearts and our story. We’re thankful to the thousands of software developers who used Tucows Downloads to get their software in front of millions of people, driving billions of downloads over more than 25 years.
A note to Tucows Downloads Authors/Developers
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If you’re a developer who used the Tucows Author Resource Center (ARC) as part of your software dissemination, to buy code signing or other services, we’re happy to help with the transition.
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Any certificates purchased through ARC remain valid. If you’re looking to buy or renew code signing certificates, we invite you to go straight to the source; Sectigo was our supplier and will be happy to be yours too.
Feel free to reach out to us at [email protected] if we can help with anything at all.
Feel free to reach out to us at [email protected] if we can help with anything at all.